【作者】 侯演；

【导师】 张媛；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学， 应用心理硕士（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 青少年非自杀性自伤是指不以自杀为目的,直接或间接故意损伤自己的身体组织,且不被个体生活中的社会和所处的文化环境所认可的行为,它给青少年自身带来非常严重且恶劣的影响,危及未来的人际关系以及学习和发展,在严重的情况下也会造成整个家庭和社会的人身财产损失,引起了社会和家长们的广泛关注。是否存在一种可能性,即伴有非自杀性自伤的青少年是因为将坏的事件进行自我归因、加上青少年的低自尊和高攻击性通过指向自己的非自杀性自伤行为表现出来呢?目前对非自杀性自伤的理论模型中,自我惩罚模型得到了许多的研究的支持,它认为伴有非自杀性自伤的青少年会产生自责等负面情绪,而通过指向自己的攻击来惩罚自己,达到缓解情绪的目的。但是这个过程对归因、自尊和攻击性的因素的解释并不详细。前人的研究证实攻击性和非自杀性自伤存在相关,但是在自尊和归因风格方面没有得到统一的定论,因此在非自杀性自伤的自我惩罚理论模型下对伴有非自杀性自伤青少年的自尊、攻击性和归因风格这些因素对非自杀性自伤行为的影响是有意义的。而且进一步探究基于认知行为疗法和辩证行为疗法理论,通过对自尊、攻击性的影响来干预青少年非自杀性自伤行为的效果,也能给未来对青少年的心理危机的干预提供实证研究数据和经验。本研究目的在于探究在青少年非自杀性自伤行为发生过程中,自尊、攻击性、归因风格之间的综合性影响,探索攻击性在自尊与非自杀性自伤之间的中介作用和从自尊和攻击性的角度对非自杀性自伤的干预作用。本研究采用Rosenberg自尊量表(SES),Buss和Perry攻击问卷(AQ-CV)青少年非自杀性自伤行为评定问卷(ANSAQ),儿童归因量表(CASQ)调查了西安市及周边的初高中生122名学生,之后对西安市某医院门诊和住院部的存在非自杀性自伤行为的青少年患者61人进行调查,并且对3名住院部存在非自杀性自伤的青少年进行从自尊和攻击性角度出发的心理咨询干预。结果发现:(1)伴有非自杀性自伤的青少年比不伴有非自杀性自伤的青少年的自尊水平更低,攻击性更高,而且对坏事件具有对个体内部归因的倾向。(2)非自杀性自伤的程度与自尊水平成显著的负相关(3)非自杀性自伤的程度与攻击性水平成显著的正相关(4)攻击性在自尊和非自杀性自伤程度中呈现完全中介作用。(5)对心理疾病程度较轻的青少年患者的非自杀性自伤行为的干预有明显的效果,但是对病情较重的青少年患者的非自杀性自伤行为的干预作用不明显。本研究从以上结果中得出以下结论:(1)青少年自尊、归因方式和攻击性对非自杀性自伤存在显著的影响;(2)青少年自尊对非自杀性自伤的发生和程度起显著的负向预测作用,攻击性对非自杀性自伤的发生和程度起显著的正向预测作用;(3)青少年自尊完全通过攻击性影响非自杀性自伤;(4)从自尊和攻击性的角度进行干预对轻症非自杀性自伤青少年患者存在一定的积极作用,但是会受到心理疾病的严重程度、主要问题、咨询关系的显著影响。本研究为青少年非自杀性自伤行为提供了一个从自我惩罚的角度进行干预的方法,通过对青少年对自我的评价和对攻击性的合理疏导,可以降低青少年非自杀性自伤的发生率和程度,提高青少年心理健康水平,从而更有利于为实现自己的人生价值和为社会做贡献。更多还原

【Abstract】 Background: The Non-Suicidal Self-injury(NSSI)refers to the direct or indirect destruction of body tissue without the intention of suicide,which could not be accepted by cultural environment or society.Due to the severe and devastating consequences of NSSI,including negative influence to their future relationships and development,and even resulted in great damage to their family and the whole group in extreme circumstances,it was highly concerned by the whole society.Is it possible that the teenagers with NSSI tend to attribute negative results to themselves,and conduct NSSI as a way of expressing their feeling of self-blaming derived from low self-esteem and high aggression? According to the self-punishment theory of NSSI,which was supported by some studies,it is to punish themselves and prevent themselves from negative emotions that people conduct NSSI when they feel guilty or self-blaming.However,the self-punishment theory did not elaborate the relationship among self-esteem,aggression and attributional styles.Although the previous studies already confirmed that NSSI was related to high aggression,there is no consensus of the relationship among NSSI,attributional style and self-esteem.Thus,it is necessary to study the influence of selfesteem,aggression and attributional style on non-suicidal self-injury behavior in adolescents under the self-punishment theory.Furthermore,it is necessary to test the effects of the intervention based on the theory of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Dialectical Behavior therapy,which could provide valuable materials for the future interventions on adolescents' psychological crisis.Aim: The aim of this study is to find the relationship between NSSI,self-esteem,aggression and attributional style in adolescents,and establish a mediation model of NSSI,self-esteem and aggression.Methods: SES,AQ-CV,ANSAQ and CASQ were used in the study 1 and study 2 to survey the 122 students from junior schools and high schools in Xian and Baoji,and to survey the 61 adolescents who were diagnosed by a mental hospital in Xian.Then,we conducted an intervention based on the results from the study 1 and study 2,trying to confirm the positive effects of the intervention based on the view of self-esteem and aggression.Results:(1)Compared with these adolescents without NSSI,the adolescents with NSSI show lower scores of self-esteems,higher scores of aggression and higher tendency to attribute negative consequences to their inner traits.(2)There is a negative correlation between adolescents' self-esteem and NSSI.(3)There is a positive correlation between adolescents' aggression and NSSI.(4)There is a full mediation effect of aggression in the relationship between selfesteem and NSSI.(5)There are positive effects of intervention on the view of self-esteem and aggression to the adolescents with moderate mental disease,while it is not for the adolescents with severe mental disease.Conclusions:(1)There is significant influence among adolescents' self-esteem,aggression and attributional styles to NSSI.(2)Adolescents' self-esteem plays a negatively predictive role in the occurrence and level of NSSI.And aggression plays a predictive role in the occurrence and level of NSSI.(3)Aggression conducts a full moderating effect between adolescents' self-esteem and NSSI.(4)The intervention based on the self-esteem and aggression regulation can effectively reduce the NSSI,while the function of this intervention would be significantly influenced by the severity of mental disease,main problem and the quality of relationship.更多还原