【作者】 李东玲；

【导师】 刘建榕；

【作者基本信息】 福建师范大学， 发展与教育心理学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 生活中的不确定性会使个体产生不确定感。执行功能在日常生活中发挥着至关重要的作用。本研究首先采用问卷调查法考察不确定感对大学生执行功能的作用及作用机制,接着通过三个实验来操纵个体的不确定感,探究不确定感对执行功能的三个子成分(认知转换、抑制控制、工作记忆刷新)的影响。 为了考察不确定感对执行功能的影响,以及特质焦虑和不确定性容忍度在其中的作用,研究一以568名大学生为研究对象,采用不确定感量表、特质焦虑量表(TAI)、中文版Geurten执行功能问卷(G-QEF-C)以及简版无法忍受不确定性量表(IUS-12)来分别测量被试的特质不确定感、特质焦虑、执行功能和不确定性容忍度。结果发现:(1)不确定感、特质焦虑、不确定性容忍度与执行功能的得分两两之间均呈显著正相关。(2)特质焦虑在不确定感与执行功能之间具有显著的中介作用。(3)不确定性容忍度在不确定感与特质焦虑的关系中并不起显著的调节作用。 为了探讨状态不确定感对认知转换的影响,以及状态焦虑和不确定性容忍度在其中的作用,研究二以61名大学生为研究对象,通过情境故事启动法和联想范式启动法的结合来启动被试的高状态不确定感或低状态不确定感;采用状态焦虑量表(SAI)测量状态焦虑水平;通过颜色-形状判断任务测量认知转换能力;最后采用简版无法忍受不确定性量表(IUS-12)测量被试的不确定性容忍度。结果表明:(1)与低状态不确定感组被试相比,高状态不确定感组被试的状态焦虑得分显著更高。(2)高、低状态不确定感组被试的反应时转换代价和正确率转换代价差异均不显著。(3)状态焦虑在状态不确定感与认知转换之间不具有显著的中介作用。(4)不确定性容忍度在状态不确定感对状态焦虑的影响中的调节作用不显著。 为了探究状态不确定感对抑制控制的影响及其背后的机制,研究三以62名大学生为研究对象,通过启动法来操纵他们的状态不确定感;采用状态焦虑量表和简版无法忍受不确定性量表测量状态焦虑和不确定性容忍度;通过颜色Stroop任务来测量抑制控制能力。结果发现:(1)高状态不确定感组被试的状态焦虑得分显著高于低状态不确定感组被试的得分。(2)高、低状态不确定感组被试的反应时Stroop效应量和正确率Stroop效应量均不存在显著差异。(3)状态焦虑在状态不确定感与抑制控制之间的中介作用不显著。(4)不确定性容忍度在状态不确定感对状态焦虑的影响中并不起到显著的调节作用。 为了探讨状态不确定感对工作记忆刷新的影响及其内在机制,研究四招募66名大学生做实验,采用启动法来启动他们的高或低状态不确定感;通过数字2-back任务来测量工作记忆刷新能力;此外还采用状态焦虑量表、简版无法忍受不确定性量表来测量状态焦虑和不确定性容忍度。结果表明:(1)相较于低状态不确定感组被试,高状态不确定感组被试的状态焦虑得分显著更高。(2)在数字2-back任务中,个体的状态不确定感对反应时和正确率均无显著影响。(3)状态焦虑在状态不确定感与工作记忆刷新之间不起显著的中介作用。(4)不确定性容忍度在状态不确定感对状态焦虑的影响中没有显著的调节作用。 综上,本研究得出了以下结论:(1)个体的不确定感越强,其执行功能越差。(2)特质焦虑在特质不确定感与执行功能之间具有部分中介作用。(3)状态不确定感会影响个体的状态焦虑,但对个体的执行功能(认知转换、抑制控制、工作记忆刷新)均没有影响,状态焦虑在状态不确定感与执行功能的三个子成分之间均不起中介作用。不确定性容忍度在个体的不确定感与焦虑水平的关系中都不起调节作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The uncertainty in life makes individuals feel uncertain.Executive function plays a vital role in daily life.In this research,questionnaire survey was used to investigate the effect of uncertainty on college students' executive function and figure out its mechanism,and then three experiments were conducted to manipulate the individual's state uncertainty,which aimed to explore the influence of state uncertainty on the three subcomponents of executive function(cognitive switching,inhibitory control and working memory updating). In study 1,questionnaire survey was used to clarify how uncertainty impacted executive function by introducing the role of trait anxiety and tolerance of uncertainty.A total of 568 college students were surveyed with Uncertainty Scale,Trait Anxiety Inventory(TAI),Chinese version of the Geurten-Questionnaire of Executive Functioning(G-QEF-C)and the short version of Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale(IUS-12).The results showed that:(1)Executive function,uncertainty,trait anxiety,and tolerance of uncertainty were significantly correlated to each other.(2)Trait anxiety had a significant mediating effect between uncertainty and executive function.(3)Tolerance of uncertainty did not significantly moderate the relationship between uncertainty and trait anxiety. In study 2,experiment was designed to explore the influence of state uncertainty on cognitive switching,as well as the role of state anxiety and tolerance of uncertainty.61 college students participated and were randomly assigned to a high state uncertainty group and a low state uncertainty group.They were asked to complete State Anxiety Inventory(SAI),Color-Shape Task(which was used to measure cognitive switching)and IUS-12.The results showed that:(1)Compared with the low state uncertainty group,subjects in high state uncertainty group displayed significantly higher state anxiety.(2)Two groups showed no significant differences in reaction time switch cost and accuracy switch cost.(3)State anxiety had no significant mediating effect between state uncertainty and cognitive switching.(4)Tolerance of uncertainty can not significantly moderate the influence of uncertainty on trait anxiety. In study 3,experiment was designed to explore the impact and mechanisms of state uncertainty on inhibitory control.62 college students participated and were randomly manipulated state uncertainty.They were asked to complete State Anxiety Inventory(SAI),Color Stroop Task(which was used to measure inhibitory control)and IUS-12.The results showed that:(1)The scores of state anxiety in the high state uncertainty group were significantly higher than those in the low state uncertainty group.(2)There were no significant differences in reaction time stroop effect and accuracy stroop effect between the high and low state uncertainty group.(3)State anxiety did not play a significant mediating role in the relationship between state uncertainty and inhibitory control.(4)Tolerance of uncertainty failed to moderate the relationship between state uncertainty and state anxiety. In study 4,experiment was designed to explore the effect and internal mechanism of state uncertainty on working memory updating.66 college students were recruited and randomly initiated high or low state uncertainty.They were asked to complete State Anxiety Inventory(SAI),Number 2-back Task(which was used to measure working memory updating)and IUS-12.The results showed that:(1)Compared with the low state uncertainty group,the high state uncertainty group experienced significantly higher state anxiety.(2)Two groups showed no significant differences in reaction time and accuracy.(3)State anxiety had no significant mediating effect between state uncertainty and working memory updating.(4)Tolerance of uncertainty had no significant moderating effect on the impact of uncertainty on trait anxiety. In conclusion,the following findings could be drawn from this research:(1)Individuals with higher uncertainty had worse executive function performance.(2)Trait anxiety played a partial mediating role in the relationship between trait uncertainty and executive function.(3)State uncertainty affected state anxiety,but had no effect on the the three subcomponents of executive function(cognitive switching,inhibitory control and working memory updating).State anxiety had no significant mediating effect between state uncertainty and executive function.Tolerance of uncertainty could not moderate the relationship between uncertainty and anxiety.更多还原