【作者】 罗磊；

【导师】 李先军；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学， 教育史， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 教育史学对个体存在的感知与关照,是人文社科研究的应有之义。人的身体在教育生活中扮演着举足轻重的角色。教育场域内所涉及的对受教育者身体规训,再现了教育的育人功能。对教育中身体规训的研究,可以生动展现受教育者个体的塑造过程,呈现较为真实的教育历史图景,也可以为当代学校教育场域中的育人环节提供有益的经验,推动学校育人作用的发挥。 十九世纪末至二十世纪初掀起的新教育运动,是在工业革命的深入发展的背景之下,英国社会经历了前所未有的变革,社会结构与经济形态发生了翻天覆地的变化。这种变革不仅影响了人们的生活方式,更深刻地改变了人们对儿童身体的期待与认知。传统的工人身体逐渐退出了历史舞台的中心,取而代之的是知识型、探险者型及领导者型的身体类型。这种转变不仅仅是社会对人才需求的变革,更是教育理念与时俱进、不断更新的体现。在这一背景下,新学校作为新教育运动的重要载体,其教育理念和实践方法为儿童身体的规训与解放开辟了新的道路。新学校不仅注重儿童身体的规范与训练,更强调儿童个性的发展与潜力的挖掘。通过一系列创新实践,如选址考量的科学化、师生关系的重塑、作息制度的优化以及教学内容的创新等,新学校为儿童提供了一个更加自由、开放的学习环境,使他们的身体得到了充分的解放与发展。 本研究本研究由三部分构成,分别是绪论、正文和结语。绪论部分简单阐述了本研究的选题缘由、研究意义、概念界定、研究方法、研究思路以及理论基础,同时整理并汇总了国内外学术界有关儿童身体规训的研究成果,在正文部分梳理了儿童身体期待变迁的社会文化背景,深入分析了科技进步、时代要求、人口结构变化以及国际竞争态势等多方面因素对其产生的影响。在此基础上,进一步剖析了新学校中儿童身体规训的具体实践,阐述了其背后的教育理念与实践方法。同时,还深入探讨了新学校儿童身体规训的基本特征,包括教育空间场域的优化、师生权势关系的民主化以及身体规训的科学化等方面。这些特征共同构成了新学校儿童身体教育的独特模式,为当时及后世的儿童教育改革提供了宝贵的启示。最后,对新学校儿童身体规训的实践进行了评价,总结了其成功经验和不足之处。结合我国当前中小学儿童教育的实际情况,提出了针对性的建议。本研究认为,借鉴新学校的成功经验,我国应更加重视儿童规训的人文关怀、身心的统一、民主化。并在结语部分对英国新学校儿童身体规训进行了整体的回溯与展望 现如今,儿童身体规训在基础教育中任然是一大主要议题。深入理解十九世纪末至二十世纪初英国新学校中儿童身体规训的历史实践,能够为我国当前儿童教育改革提供了有益的参考和借鉴。通过对新学校成功经验的借鉴与吸收,我们可以更好地推动我国儿童教育的改革与发展,为培养具有创新精神和实践能力的未来人才奠定坚实基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 The perception and attention to individual existence in the history of education is a rightful pursuit in humanities and social sciences research.The human body plays a crucial role in educational life.The disciplinary measures applied to individuals within educational domains reflect the nurturing essence of education.Research into the history of educational bodies can authentically portray the process of shaping individuals undergoing education,presenting a more realistic historical landscape of education.Moreover,it can provide valuable insights for the nurturing process within contemporary school education settings,promoting the role of schools in nurturing individuals. The new education movement that emerged from the late 19 th century to the early20 th century unfolded against the backdrop of profound developments in the industrial revolution.British society underwent unprecedented changes in social structure and economic forms.This transformation not only affected people's lifestyles but also profoundly altered their expectations and perceptions of children's bodies.The traditional laborer's body gradually retreated from the center stage of history,replaced by types of bodies characterized by knowledge,exploration,and leadership.This shift signifies not only a change in societal demands for talent but also the advancement and continuous renewal of educational philosophies.In this context,new schools,as important carriers of the new education movement,paved new paths for disciplining and liberating children's bodies through their educational principles and practices.New schools not only emphasized the normalization and training of children's bodies but also highlighted the development of children's personalities and the exploration of their potential.Through innovative practices such as scientific site selection,reshaping of teacher-student relationships,optimization of schedules,and innovation of teaching content,new schools provided children with a more liberal and open learning environment,allowing for the full liberation and development of their bodies. This study consists of three parts: Introduction,Main Body,and Conclusion.The introduction briefly elaborates on the research topic,its significance,conceptual definitions,research methods,train of thought,and theoretical foundation,while also summarizing academic research findings on the discipline of children's Physical Discipline both domestically and internationally.In the main body,the social and cultural background of changes in children's body expectations is analyzed in depth,exploring the multifaceted impacts of technological progress,era demands,changes in population structure,and international competitive situations.Based on this analysis,the specific practices of children's Physical Discipline in new schools are further examined,elucidating the educational philosophies and practical methods behind them.Additionally,the basic characteristics of children's Physical Discipline in new schools are thoroughly explored,including the optimization of educational spatial environments,democratization of teacher-student power relations,and scientific nature of Physical Discipline.These characteristics collectively constitute a unique model of children's body education in new schools,providing valuable insights for contemporary and future reforms in children's education.Finally,an evaluation of the practical implementation of children's Physical Discipline in new schools is conducted,summarizing both successes and shortcomings.Considering the current situation of primary and secondary education in China,targeted recommendations are proposed. This study believes that by drawing lessons from the successful experiences of new schools,China should place greater emphasis on the humanistic care,unity of body and mind,and democratization of children's discipline.In the conclusion,a retrospective and outlook on the history of children's Physical Discipline in British new schools is provided. Nowadays,children's Physical Discipline remains a major topic in basic education.A deep understanding of the historical practices of children's Physical Discipline in British new schools from the late 19 th century to the early 20 th century can provide valuable references and insights for the current reform of children's education in China.By borrowing and absorbing the successful experiences of new schools,we can better promote the reform and development of children's education in China,laying a solid foundation for nurturing future talents with innovative spirit and practical abilities.更多还原