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<section id="support-for-perf-maps">
<span id="perfmaps"></span><h1>對 Perf Map 的支援<a class="headerlink" href="#support-for-perf-maps" title="連結到這個標頭">¶</a></h1>
<p>在支援的平台上（截至撰寫本文時，僅限 Linux），runtime 可以利用 <em>perf map 檔案</em>使得外部分析工具（例如 <a class="reference external" href="https://perf.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Main_Page">perf</a>）可以見到 Python 函式。正在運行的行程可能會在 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/tmp</span></code> 目錄中建立一個檔案，其中包含可以將一段可執行程式碼對映到名稱的各個條目。此介面在 <a class="reference external" href="https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/tools/perf/Documentation/jit-interface.txt">Linux Perf 工具的文件</a>中有被描述。</p>
<p>在 Python 中，這些輔助 API 可以被依賴於運行期間 (on the fly) 產生機器碼的函式庫和功能所使用。</p>
<p>請注意，這些 API 不需要持有 <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-attached-thread-state"><span class="xref std std-term">attached thread state</span></a>。</p>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyUnstable_PerfMapState_Init">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyUnstable_PerfMapState_Init</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">void</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnstable_PerfMapState_Init" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><div class="unstable-c-api warning admonition">
<em>這是 <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#unstable-c-api"><span class="std std-ref">不穩定 API</span></a>，它可能在小版本發布中沒有任何警告地被變更。</em></div>
<p>打開 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/tmp/perf-$pid.map</span></code> 檔案，除非它已經打開，並建立一個鎖以確保執行緒安全地 (thread-safe) 寫入該檔案（前提是寫入是透過 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyUnstable_WritePerfMapEntry" title="PyUnstable_WritePerfMapEntry"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyUnstable_WritePerfMapEntry()</span></code></a> 完成的）。通常不需要明確地呼叫它；只需使用 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyUnstable_WritePerfMapEntry" title="PyUnstable_WritePerfMapEntry"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyUnstable_WritePerfMapEntry()</span></code></a> 它就會在首次呼叫時初始化狀態。</p>
<p>建立/打開 perf map 檔案成功時回傳 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>，失敗時回傳 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code>，建立鎖時失敗則回傳 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-2</span></code>。檢查 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code> 以取得更多造成失敗的資訊。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyUnstable_WritePerfMapEntry">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyUnstable_WritePerfMapEntry</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">void</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">code_addr</span></span>, <span class="kt"><span class="pre">unsigned</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">code_size</span></span>, <span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">entry_name</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnstable_WritePerfMapEntry" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><div class="unstable-c-api warning admonition">
<em>這是 <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#unstable-c-api"><span class="std std-ref">不穩定 API</span></a>，它可能在小版本發布中沒有任何警告地被變更。</em></div>
<p>將單一條目寫入 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/tmp/perf-$pid.map</span></code> 檔案。此函式是執行緒安全的。以下是一個條目的範例：</p>
<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp"># 位址 大小 名稱</span>
<span class="mf">7f3529f</span><span class="n">cf759</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">py</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="o">:/</span><span class="n">run</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">py</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>如果尚未開啟 perf map 檔案，將在寫入條目之前呼叫 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyUnstable_PerfMapState_Init" title="PyUnstable_PerfMapState_Init"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyUnstable_PerfMapState_Init()</span></code></a>。成功時回傳 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>，失敗時回傳與 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyUnstable_PerfMapState_Init" title="PyUnstable_PerfMapState_Init"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyUnstable_PerfMapState_Init()</span></code></a> 失敗時相同的錯誤碼。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyUnstable_PerfMapState_Fini">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">void</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyUnstable_PerfMapState_Fini</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">void</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnstable_PerfMapState_Fini" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><div class="unstable-c-api warning admonition">
<em>這是 <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#unstable-c-api"><span class="std std-ref">不穩定 API</span></a>，它可能在小版本發布中沒有任何警告地被變更。</em></div>
<p>關閉由 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyUnstable_PerfMapState_Init" title="PyUnstable_PerfMapState_Init"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyUnstable_PerfMapState_Init()</span></code></a> 開啟的 perf map 檔案，這是在直譯器關閉期間由 runtime 本身呼叫的。一般來說，除了處理 forking 等特定場景外，不應該明確地呼叫它。</p>
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