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<section id="tuple-objects">
<span id="tupleobjects"></span><h1>Tuple（元組）物件<a class="headerlink" href="#tuple-objects" title="連結到這個標頭">¶</a></h1>
<dl class="c type" id="index-0">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyTupleObject">
<span class="k"><span class="pre">type</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTupleObject</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyTupleObject" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>此 <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></code></a> 子型別代表 Python 元組物件</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c var">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyTuple_Type">
<a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTuple_Type</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyTuple_Type" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="stableabi"> 為 <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">穩定 ABI 的一部分</span></a>.</em><p>此 <a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject</span></code></a> 實例代表 Python 元組型別，與 Python 層中的 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#tuple" title="tuple"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tuple</span></code></a> 是同一物件</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyTuple_Check">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTuple_Check</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">p</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyTuple_Check" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>如果 <em>p</em> 為一元組物件或是元組型別的子型別實例時回傳 true。此函式總會執行成功</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyTuple_CheckExact">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTuple_CheckExact</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">p</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyTuple_CheckExact" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>如果 <em>p</em> 為一元組物件但不是元組型別的子型別實例時回傳 true。此函式總會執行成功</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyTuple_New">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTuple_New</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">len</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyTuple_New" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">回傳值：新的參照。</em><em class="stableabi"> 為 <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">穩定 ABI 的一部分</span></a>.</em><p>回傳一個長度為 <em>len</em> 的新元組物件，失敗會時回傳 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> 並設定例外。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyTuple_Pack">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTuple_Pack</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span>, <span class="p"><span class="pre">...</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyTuple_Pack" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">回傳值：新的參照。</em><em class="stableabi"> 為 <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">穩定 ABI 的一部分</span></a>.</em><p>回傳一個長度為 <em>n</em> 的新元組物件，失敗時會回傳 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> 並設定例外。元組值被初始化為指向 Python 物件的接續 <em>n</em> 個 C 引數。<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyTuple_Pack(2,</span> <span class="pre">a,</span> <span class="pre">b)</span></code> 等價於 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_BuildValue("(OO)",</span> <span class="pre">a,</span> <span class="pre">b)</span></code>。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyTuple_Size">
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTuple_Size</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">p</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyTuple_Size" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="stableabi"> 為 <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">穩定 ABI 的一部分</span></a>.</em><p>拿取一個元組物件的指標，然後回傳此元組的大小。錯誤發生時，回傳 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> 並設定例外。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyTuple_GET_SIZE">
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTuple_GET_SIZE</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">p</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyTuple_GET_SIZE" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>就像 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyTuple_Size" title="PyTuple_Size"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyTuple_Size()</span></code></a> 但沒有錯誤檢查。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyTuple_GetItem">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTuple_GetItem</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">p</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">pos</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyTuple_GetItem" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount return_borrowed_ref">回傳值：借用參照。</em><em class="stableabi"> 為 <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">穩定 ABI 的一部分</span></a>.</em><p>回傳 <em>p</em> 指向的元組中位置 <em>pos</em> 處的物件。如果 <em>pos</em> 為負數或超出範圍，回傳 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> 並設定 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#IndexError" title="IndexError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IndexError</span></code></a> 例外。</p>
<p>回傳的參照借自元組 <em>p</em>（也就是說：它僅在你持有 <em>p</em> 的參照時有效）。若要取得一個 <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-strong-reference"><span class="xref std std-term">strong reference</span></a>，請使用 <a class="reference internal" href="refcounting.html#c.Py_NewRef" title="Py_NewRef"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_NewRef(PyTuple_GetItem(...))</span></code></a> 或 <a class="reference internal" href="sequence.html#c.PySequence_GetItem" title="PySequence_GetItem"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PySequence_GetItem()</span></code></a>。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyTuple_GET_ITEM">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTuple_GET_ITEM</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">p</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">pos</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyTuple_GET_ITEM" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount return_borrowed_ref">回傳值：借用參照。</em><p>與 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyTuple_GetItem" title="PyTuple_GetItem"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyTuple_GetItem()</span></code></a> 相似，但不檢查其引數。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyTuple_GetSlice">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTuple_GetSlice</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">p</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">low</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">high</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyTuple_GetSlice" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">回傳值：新的參照。</em><em class="stableabi"> 為 <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">穩定 ABI 的一部分</span></a>.</em><p>回傳由 <em>p</em> 指向的元組中介於 <em>low</em> 和 <em>high</em> 之間的切片或在錯誤時回傳 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> 並設定例外。</p>
<p>這與 Python <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">p[low:high]</span></code> 運算式等價。但不支援從元組末端開始索引。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyTuple_SetItem">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTuple_SetItem</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">p</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">pos</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyTuple_SetItem" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="stableabi"> 為 <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">穩定 ABI 的一部分</span></a>.</em><p>於 <em>p</em> 指向的元組 <em>pos</em> 位置處插入對物件 <em>o</em> 的參照。成功時回傳 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>，如果 <em>pos</em> 超出邊界則回傳 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code>，並設定 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#IndexError" title="IndexError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IndexError</span></code></a> 例外。</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">備註</p>
<p>此函式 "竊取" 對 <em>o</em> 的參照，並丟棄對元組中受影響位置的項目的參照。</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyTuple_SET_ITEM">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">void</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTuple_SET_ITEM</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">p</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">pos</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyTuple_SET_ITEM" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>與 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyTuple_SetItem" title="PyTuple_SetItem"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyTuple_SetItem()</span></code></a> 相似，但不進行錯誤檢查，且應 <em>只</em> 用於填充全新的元組。</p>
<p>若 Python 以 <a class="reference internal" href="../using/configure.html#debug-build"><span class="std std-ref">debug mode</span></a> 或 <a class="reference internal" href="../using/configure.html#cmdoption-with-assertions"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span> <span class="pre">assertions</span></code></a> 建置，則會進行作為斷言（asserting）的邊界檢查。</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">備註</p>
<p>此函式 "竊取" 對 <em>o</em> 的參照，且與 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyTuple_SetItem" title="PyTuple_SetItem"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyTuple_SetItem()</span></code></a> 不同的是，此函式並 <em>不</em> 丟棄任何被替代項目的參照；元組中 <em>pos</em> 位置的所有參照皆會被洩漏。</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">警告</p>
<p>此巨集應 <em>僅</em> 用於新建立的元組。在正被使用中的元組（或換句話說，參照計數大於 1 的元組）上使用此巨集可能會導致未定義行為。</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c._PyTuple_Resize">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">_PyTuple_Resize</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">p</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">newsize</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c._PyTuple_Resize" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>可用於調整元組的大小。<em>newsize</em> 將是元組的新長度。由於元組 <em>應該</em> 是不可變的，因此僅當物件只有一個參照時才應使用此方法。如果程式碼的其他部分已經知道該元組，則 <em>不要</em> 使用此方法。最終元組總會變大或縮小。可以將其理解為銷毀舊元組並建立一個新元組，只是有著更高的效率。成功時回傳 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>。用戶端程式碼絕不應假設 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">*p</span></code> 的結果值與呼叫此函式之前的值相同。如果 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">*p</span></code> 參照的物件被替換，則原始的 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">*p</span></code> 將被銷毀。失敗時，回傳 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code>，並將 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">*p</span></code> 設定為 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>，並引發 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#MemoryError" title="MemoryError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MemoryError</span></code></a> 或 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#SystemError" title="SystemError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SystemError</span></code></a> 例外。</p>
</dd></dl>
</section>
<section id="struct-sequence-objects">
<span id="id1"></span><h1>結構序列物件<a class="headerlink" href="#struct-sequence-objects" title="連結到這個標頭">¶</a></h1>
<p>結構序列物件是 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/collections.html#collections.namedtuple" title="collections.namedtuple"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">namedtuple()</span></code></a> 物件在 C 語言中的等價，換言之，一個序列的元素也可以透過屬性存取。要建立結構序列，首先需要建立特定的結構序列型別。</p>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyStructSequence_NewType">
<a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyStructSequence_NewType</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyStructSequence_Desc" title="PyStructSequence_Desc"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyStructSequence_Desc</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">desc</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyStructSequence_NewType" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">回傳值：新的參照。</em><em class="stableabi"> 為 <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">穩定 ABI 的一部分</span></a>.</em><p>從 <em>desc</em> 中的資料建立一個新的結構序列型別，如下所述。可以使用 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyStructSequence_New" title="PyStructSequence_New"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyStructSequence_New()</span></code></a> 以建立產生結構序列型別的實例。</p>
<p>失敗時回傳 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> 並設定例外。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyStructSequence_InitType">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">void</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyStructSequence_InitType</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">type</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyStructSequence_Desc" title="PyStructSequence_Desc"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyStructSequence_Desc</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">desc</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyStructSequence_InitType" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>從 <em>desc</em> 原地（in place）初始化結構序列型別 <em>type</em>。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyStructSequence_InitType2">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyStructSequence_InitType2</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">type</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyStructSequence_Desc" title="PyStructSequence_Desc"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyStructSequence_Desc</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">desc</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyStructSequence_InitType2" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>與 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyStructSequence_InitType" title="PyStructSequence_InitType"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyStructSequence_InitType()</span></code></a> 相似，但運行成功時回傳 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>，運行失敗時回傳 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> 並設定例外。</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">在 3.4 版被加入.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c type">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyStructSequence_Desc">
<span class="k"><span class="pre">type</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyStructSequence_Desc</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyStructSequence_Desc" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="stableabi"> 為 <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">穩定 ABI 的一部分</span></a> （包含所有成員）.</em><p>包含要建立的結構序列化型別的中介資訊（meta information）。</p>
<dl class="c member">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyStructSequence_Desc.name">
<span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyStructSequence_Desc.name" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>型別的完整限定名稱（Fully qualified name）；以 UTF-8 編碼並以空字元結尾。名稱必須包含完整的模組名稱。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c member">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyStructSequence_Desc.doc">
<span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">doc</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyStructSequence_Desc.doc" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>指向型別說明文件（docstring）的指標或使用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> 表示忽略。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c member">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyStructSequence_Desc.fields">
<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyStructSequence_Field" title="PyStructSequence_Field"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyStructSequence_Field</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fields</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyStructSequence_Desc.fields" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>指向一個以 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> 結尾的陣列指標，其包含新型別的欄位名稱。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c member">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyStructSequence_Desc.n_in_sequence">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n_in_sequence</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyStructSequence_Desc.n_in_sequence" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>Python 端可以看到欄位的數目（如果作為元組使用）。</p>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c type">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyStructSequence_Field">
<span class="k"><span class="pre">type</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyStructSequence_Field</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyStructSequence_Field" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="stableabi"> 為 <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">穩定 ABI 的一部分</span></a> （包含所有成員）.</em><p>描述結構序列的一個欄位。由於結構序列以元組作為原型，所有欄位的型別均為 <span class="c-expr sig sig-inline c"><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n">PyObject</span></a><span class="p">*</span></span>。<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyStructSequence_Desc" title="PyStructSequence_Desc"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyStructSequence_Desc</span></code></a> 在 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyStructSequence_Desc.fields" title="PyStructSequence_Desc.fields"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fields</span></code></a> 陣列中的索引決定了描述的是結構序列的哪個欄位。</p>
<dl class="c member">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyStructSequence_Field.name">
<span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyStructSequence_Field.name" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>欄位名稱，或 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> 表示命名欄位串列結束，設定為 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyStructSequence_UnnamedField" title="PyStructSequence_UnnamedField"><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyStructSequence_UnnamedField</span></code></a> 表示該欄位不命名。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c member">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyStructSequence_Field.doc">
<span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">doc</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyStructSequence_Field.doc" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>欄位說明字串或為 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> 表示忽略。</p>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c var">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyStructSequence_UnnamedField">
<span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyStructSequence_UnnamedField</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyStructSequence_UnnamedField" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="stableabi"> 為 <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">穩定 ABI 的一部分</span></a> 自 3.11 版本開始.</em><p>給定欄位名稱一個特別值，表示該欄位不命名。</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.9 版的變更: </span>型別原本是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">char</span> <span class="pre">*</span></code>，現已被修改。</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyStructSequence_New">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyStructSequence_New</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">type</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyStructSequence_New" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">回傳值：新的參照。</em><em class="stableabi"> 為 <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">穩定 ABI 的一部分</span></a>.</em><p>建立 <em>type</em> 的實例，必須以 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyStructSequence_NewType" title="PyStructSequence_NewType"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyStructSequence_NewType()</span></code></a> 建立。</p>
<p>失敗時回傳 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> 並設定例外。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyStructSequence_GetItem">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyStructSequence_GetItem</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">p</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">pos</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyStructSequence_GetItem" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount return_borrowed_ref">回傳值：借用參照。</em><em class="stableabi"> 為 <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">穩定 ABI 的一部分</span></a>.</em><p>回傳結構序列中由 <em>p</em> 指向 <em>pos</em> 處的物件。</p>
<p>若 Python 以 <a class="reference internal" href="../using/configure.html#debug-build"><span class="std std-ref">debug mode</span></a> 或 <a class="reference internal" href="../using/configure.html#cmdoption-with-assertions"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span> <span class="pre">assertions</span></code></a> 建置，則會進行作為斷言（asserting）的邊界檢查。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyStructSequence_GET_ITEM">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyStructSequence_GET_ITEM</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">p</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">pos</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyStructSequence_GET_ITEM" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount return_borrowed_ref">回傳值：借用參照。</em><p><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyStructSequence_GetItem" title="PyStructSequence_GetItem"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyStructSequence_GetItem()</span></code></a> 的別名。</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.13 版的變更: </span>現在是被實作為 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyStructSequence_GetItem" title="PyStructSequence_GetItem"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyStructSequence_GetItem()</span></code></a> 的一個別名。</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyStructSequence_SetItem">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">void</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyStructSequence_SetItem</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">p</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">pos</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyStructSequence_SetItem" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="stableabi"> 為 <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">穩定 ABI 的一部分</span></a>.</em><p>將結構序列 <em>p</em> 中索引 <em>pos</em> 處的欄位值設為 <em>o</em>。與 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyTuple_SET_ITEM" title="PyTuple_SET_ITEM"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyTuple_SET_ITEM()</span></code></a> 類似，此函式僅套用於填充全新實例。</p>
<p>若 Python 以 <a class="reference internal" href="../using/configure.html#debug-build"><span class="std std-ref">debug mode</span></a> 或 <a class="reference internal" href="../using/configure.html#cmdoption-with-assertions"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span> <span class="pre">assertions</span></code></a> 建置，則會進行作為斷言（asserting）的邊界檢查。</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">備註</p>
<p>此函式 "竊取" <em>o</em> 的參照。</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">void</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">p</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><span class="n"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">pos</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">o</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyStructSequence_SetItem" title="PyStructSequence_SetItem"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyStructSequence_SetItem()</span></code></a> 的別名。</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.13 版的變更: </span>現在是被實作為 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyStructSequence_SetItem" title="PyStructSequence_SetItem"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyStructSequence_SetItem()</span></code></a> 的一個別名。</p>
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